Improvement in churns



To 'whom it @nay concern@ y iiuiied gnat-en f@ eine:F (itiliiw. N i *Y ALEEXAumilid iJDD; GEST, LAWEENGE, NEW Yoan. i

,Letters Patent No. 108,035, dated October 4, 1870.

lMPROVE'MET IN `CHURNS.

The Schevxe referred to in these Letters Patent and making part f the same.

r Be it. known that I, ALEXANDER LADD, ofA St. Lawrence, in the county of `Jeiierson and `Statepf New Yorin-harm as Ibelieve, invented new and 'useful Improvements in Ghurns; and I do herebydeclaie ithe following to .be a` full and exact description of the same, reference being had to the `drawing that acl coinpanies;andfforms` a part of these specitieations.

` Figure `1, perpendicular biseetion of the body of the churn, and exhibiting its interior parts. i

'Fgilref 2s'ctio'u on line :c rc, a plan looking down i intothejchurn.

ireland; dischargespipe.

Letter A, the bodyof the churu-a simple cylindrical vessel, and may be of either metal or wood.

`Letter B,a tubular upright shaft, which, with the arms D, D', and D", forms the dasberxw llettere c, thepivots or spindl son wh" h the shaft A13 turna` p I D D' D",'-hollo\v arms, any suitable number, ex-

tending from theshaft B, aksiillustrated in the drawt p hollow lshaft,B, whiclr l1as supplied to it hollow arms, D, the said armsfcommunicating with the interior of shaft B, and intoqvhich water of any desired temperwitnesses.

ature may be poured, for the purpose of regulating the temperature of the cream. l

In winter, and when the cream is cold, tepid water may beused. l

1u summer, and when` .the atmosphere is of a temperature above 65 Fahrenheit, waterV of aflower tein. perature than 'this should be employed.

vThe water may be supplied tothe shaft B before it is placed in the vessel A, or afterward, and may rise as high as the upper arm D.

Upon the great advantage of regulating, eoouomically and promptly, the temperature of the4 cream during the churning process, it is not necessary to enlarge The ,shaft B may be operatedby any powe'r found convenient and eiectve, and the motion may be continued rotation or reciprocating.

The shaft B and arms D may be ofwood or metal.

The latter will probably be found most desirable.

" What Irelaim as of my invention, and desire tesecure by Letters Patent, is t The hollow shaft B, when provided' with the hollow arm D, substantially as and for. the purposes specified.

Intestimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the vpresence of two subscribing v ALEXANDER LADD. Witnesses:

JEssE HARVEY,

M. B. LADD. 

